Conwy Castle

Conwy Castle is a magnificent medieval fortress located in the town of Conwy in North Wales. Built by Edward I during the late 13th century as part of his campaign to establish English control over Wales, the castle stands as a testament to the power and might of the English crown during that period. Conwy Castle, along with its town walls, is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site and remains one of the most iconic and well-preserved castles in the United Kingdom.

Construction of Conwy Castle began in 1283 under the supervision of Master James of St. George, an esteemed architect and engineer. The castle was strategically positioned on the banks of the River Conwy, overlooking the estuary and providing a strong defensive position. Its primary purpose was to assert English dominance over the region and serve as a symbol of Edward I’s authority.

The castle’s design follows a concentric layout, characterized by an outer wall encircling an inner ward, with multiple towers and fortified gatehouses. The outer curtain walls extend approximately three-quarters of a mile and feature a series of large towers, including the impressive eight-sided East Gatehouse, which served as the main entrance to the castle.

Entering through the East Gatehouse, visitors are greeted by the spectacular inner ward, surrounded by high curtain walls and towers. The most prominent feature of the inner ward is the Great Hall, a large two-story building that would have served as the ceremonial and administrative center of the castle. It once had a magnificent timber roof, but today only the stone walls remain. Adjacent to the Great Hall is the kitchen, where meals for the castle’s occupants would have been prepared.

The castle’s four towers, each strategically positioned at the corners of the inner ward, are some of the most impressive structures of their kind. The two largest towers, the King’s Tower and the Queen’s Tower, rise high above the castle walls and would have provided royal accommodation and private chambers for the king and queen. The other towers, known as the Constable’s Tower and the Southwest Tower, provided additional living quarters and defensive positions.

One of the most remarkable features of Conwy Castle is its well-preserved castle walls and the 21 towers that punctuate them. These walls, built from local stone, are over 8 feet thick and reach heights of up to 40 feet. They encircle not only the castle but also the town of Conwy itself, forming an impressive fortification system. Walking along the castle walls provides visitors with breathtaking views of the surrounding countryside, the estuary, and the town below.

The castle played a significant role in various conflicts and sieges throughout its history. During the Welsh uprising of 1294-1295, led by Madog ap Llywelyn, the castle came under attack and was briefly captured. However, it was quickly recaptured by English forces and remained under their control.

In the 17th century, during the English Civil War, Conwy Castle was one of the last royalist strongholds in North Wales. It was besieged by Parliamentary forces under the command of General Thomas Mytton. After a lengthy siege, the castle finally surrendered in 1646, marking the end of its military significance.

Over the centuries, the castle underwent some alterations and repairs, but largely remained intact. In the 19th century, it gained attention from the romantic movement, with artists and writers capturing its picturesque beauty and historical significance.

Today, Conwy Castle is managed by Cadw, the historic environment service of the Welsh Government. Visitors can explore the castle’s interior, climb its towers, and walk along the castle walls. Information panels and exhibits provide insights into the castle’s history and architecture.

The castle and its surroundings offer a unique opportunity to step back in time and experience medieval life.